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4/15/2015

10 Most Beautiful Forests around the World

Despite the deforestation that takes place around the world, there are still plenty of incredible forests to enjoy. From Canada to Poland, some of the best sights to check out are the local trees. It doesn’t matter whether the forest is large or small. Amazing beauty can be contained in just a few special trees. Take a look at the list of most beautiful forests in the world.
Most Beautiful Forests Around the World

1. Crooked Forest, Poland

 Crooked Forest Poland
Poland has a very interesting forest made up entirely of crooked pine trees. While a few trees growing in an odd fashion might have a reasonable explanation, all of the pine trees in the Crooked Forest are crooked in the same way. The entire forest is made up of only 400 or so trees, but it has been around since the 1930’s. Theories abound as to what caused the odd bends, but one suggests that tanks rolled over the trees during the war.

2. Amazon Rainforest, South America

Amazon Rainforest South America
No one can hear the word ‘rainforest’ without thinking of the Amazon. The jungle is so massive that it spreads over nine different countries and covers a total of 5,500,000 square kilometers. Despite deforestation problems throughout its history, the Amazon rainforest still makes up more than half of the world’s rainforests.

3. Juizhaigou Valley, China

Juizhaigou Valley China
Jiuzhaigou Valley is known as the valley of nine villages and is a popular destination thanks to its brightly colored lakes and amazing waterfalls. The land around the unique lakes and falls is covered in thick forest. The trees grow over a wide range of altitudes, from around 2,000 meters above sea level to about 4,500 meters above sea level. The area was declared a World Heritage Site in 1992, which will help preserve the forest in the future.

4. Coconino National Forest, the United States

Coconino National Forest United States
Located in Arizona, the Coconino National Forest is a high elevation forest, with trees growing along mountains at up to 12,000 feet. The majority of the trees are either aspen or Ponderosa pines, making a beautiful mix of foliage. The Coconino is so named because it runs over the Mogollon and Coconino plateaus. For anyone who enjoys hiking, there are plenty of interesting trails to explore in the area.

5. The Great Bear Rainforest, Canada and the United States

 The Great Bear Rainforest Canada and the United States
When you think of rainforests, you probably think south of the border, rather than north. The Great Bear Rainforest is one of the largest intact temperate rainforests remaining anywhere and it stretches from British Columbia to Alaska. The forest is home to many species, including grizzly bears, black bears, cougars, salmon and wolves. Flora includes a 1,000 year old Western Red Cedar and a Sitka Spruce that has grown to 90 meters in height.

6. The Black Forest, Germany

The Black Forest Germany
You’ve probably eaten Black Forest cake before, but did you know it’s an actual forest in southwest Germany? Also known as Schwarzwald, the Black Forest was named by Romans who found the trees were so thick that they blocked out all but the most stubborn rays of sunlight. The Rhine Valley runs along the west and the south edges of Schwarzwald, marking the borders rather definitely.

7. Tongass National Forest, the United States

Tongass National Forest United States
Alaska is home to more than one of the beautiful woods on this list. The Tongasscovers 17 million acres, rendering it the largest national forest in the United States. More than one Native Alaskan tribe lives in the trees that form the Tongass. In fact, more than 75,000 people depend on it to make a living.

8. The Inland Rainforest, Canada

The Inland Rainforest Canada
The vast majority of this rainforest, located in central British Columbia, is made up of Western Red Cedar. It is one of the rare inland rainforests. The nearest coastal rainforest is almost 1,000 km to the west. Large sections of trees have never been touched and several trees are well over 1,000 years of age.

9. Sherwood Forest, England

Sherwood Forest England
Best known for hiding Robin Hood and his Merry Men, Sherwood is a very popular tourist attraction. Thanks to the folk tale of Robin Hood, half a million people show up to see the trees in person every year. It’s a relatively small forest, covering just over 1.5 square miles. At one point, there were more trees, back when the forest was used as a hunting ground for royals.

10. Sagano Bamboo Forest, Japan

Sagano Bamboo Forest Japan
Bamboo is such a beautiful plant; it has entire gardens dedicated to it. In the Arashiyama district of Japan, an entire bamboo forest has been planted. More than a dozen varieties of bamboo thrive in this unique forest found west of Kyoto. Don’t think this is a little grove, however. Some of the bamboo plants tower over visitors by up to 100 feet.
People have traveled to see forests for decades. While leaves changing colors might fascinate some, others will find that bamboo and rainforests attract their attention. There is so much beauty in the world and much of it is found beneath the shaded boughs of a tree. Have you ever been to one of these breathtakingly beautiful forests?

Galeras Volcano

Galeras

Galeras (Urcunina)
Volcán Galeras - Pasto - Colombia.jpg
Galeras, December 2005
Elevation4,276 m (14,029 ft)
Location
LocationNariñoColombia
RangeAndes
Coordinates1°13′0″N 77°22′0″WCoordinates1°13′0″N 77°22′0″W
Geology
TypeComplex volcano
Volcanic arc/beltNorth Volcanic Zone
Last eruption2012 to 2013
Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department ofNariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases. It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia.

Geological history

Galeras has been an active volcano for at least a million years, with andesite as the dominant product. Two major caldera-forming eruptions have occurred, the first about 560,000 years ago in an eruption which expelled about 15 cubic kilometres (3.6 cu mi) of material. The second some time between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago, in a smaller but still sizable eruption of 2 cubic kilometres (0.48 cu mi) of material. Subsequently, part of the caldera wall has collapsed, possibly due to instabilities caused by hydrothermal activity, and later eruptions have built up a smaller cone inside the now horseshoe-shaped caldera.
In light of its violent eruptive history and proximity to the 450,000 people of Pasto, Galeras was designated a Decade Volcano in 1991, identifying it as a target for detailed study as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.

Eruptive history

Galeras is considered the most active volcano in Colombia, followed by Nevado del Ruiz. Its earliest activity during the Holocenehas been dated at 7050 BC ± 1000 years through radiocarbon dating. Other eruptions similar to this event include those in 3150 BC ± 200 years, 2580 BC ± 500 years, 1160 BC ± 300 years, 490 BC ± 100 years, and in 890 AD ± 200 years. Typically these eruptions consist of a central vent explosion, conducive to an explosive eruption causing pyroclastic flows and/or lahars. Eruptions in more recent times, which have been recorded consist of those in 1535, December 1580, July 1616, 1641, 1670, 1754, November 1796, June 1823, October 1828, 1834, October 1865, July 1889, 1891, December 1923, October 1924, October 1932, February 1936, July 1947, January 1950, 1974, February 1989, January 1990, January 1993, March 2000, June 2002, July 2004, November 2005, and October 2007. Reported incidents with no official proof occurred in 1836, 1930, 1933, and 1973.

1993 eruption


Galeras became active again in 1988 after 10 years of dormancy.
A Decade Volcano conference in the city of Pasto, in 1993, ended in disaster when several of the scientists present mounted an impromptu expedition on 14 January to the crater of Galeras. An eruption occurred unexpectedly while they were at the summit, resulting in the deaths of six scientists and three tourists.
Elements in the media made the event controversial by suggesting the expedition leader, geologist Stanley Williams, who survived along with four others, had ignored safety procedures. A prediction had been made three days before the eruption based on B-Type activity seen on a seismograph. Seismic B-types had been used successfully to predict eruptions on other volcanoes. However, the prediction was based simply on the one seismographic printout viewed in the light of previous history of Galeras, without any additional scientific measurements showing any serious activity within the volcano.

21st-century activity

The Galeras Volcano, aerial image by NASA showing its activity. City ofPasto on the right.
Activity at a low level has continued at Galeras, with small explosions occasionally dusting nearby villages and towns with ash. The volcano has continued to be well studied, and predictions of eruptions at the volcano have improved. One phenomenon, which seems to be a reliable precursor to eruptive activity, is a low-frequency seismic event known as a tornillo event. These have occurred before about four-fifths of the explosions at Galeras, and the number of tornillo events recorded before an eruption is also correlated with the size of the ensuing eruption.
More than 100 minor tremors were felt during a major eruption in April 2002, although no damage or injury was reported. An eruption in November 2005 forced an evacuation of the dangerous area surrounding the volcano, and about 9,400 people from nearby villages (most of them farmers) were ordered to leave. The city of Pasto, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the volcano, was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion, forcing the residents to don goggles and face masks.
Numerous minor tremors and ash emissions since March 2006 culminated on 12 July 2006 in three explosive eruptions, producing an ash and gas column reaching an altitude of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). Rock falls and pyroclastic flows were reported from towns as distant as Consacá, 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi) west of the main crater. The Colombian government has repeatedly ordered evacuations to temporary shelters, of more than 8500 people residing in the highest risk areas surrounding the volcano, with hopes of eventual assistance toward permanent relocation.
Space radar image of Galeras Volcano. City of Pasto at bottom
On January 17, 2008, the volcano erupted around 20:06 (local) (01:06 UTC). There were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. Later the experts confirmed partial damage in the national and local TV towers.
Then, on February 14, 2009, the volcano erupted around 19:10 (local) (00:10 UTC). Some 8,000 residents were evacuated, and there were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. As in 2005, the city of Pasto was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion (due to the direction of the wind). The local authorities ordered two water treatment plants near Galeras to shut down.
On March 13, 2009, Galeras erupted twice at around 15:55 and 17:00 (local time). Ash fell on Pasto and some other towns near the volcano, where an evacuation was ordered but reportedly ignored. No injuries or damage were reported.

2010 eruption

The volcano erupted on January 3, 2010, forcing the evacuation of 8,000 people. This is the 10th such eruption of the volcano in the past year, and the first of 2010. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come.
Galeras erupted again on August 31,2010 with an ash plume visible in the air. The eruption, which was described as non-explosive, caused authorities to raise an alert for neighboring towns.

4/02/2015

9 Cruise Trips You Are Sure to Love

There are so many places to go and things to see, and I have a lot of ideas for amazing cruise trips. I enjoy exploring glaciers in Alaska and wonderful tropical beaches in Hawaii. And what about you? Whatever your dream, check out a few cruise trips you will definitely love.
Cruise Trips You Are Sure to Love

1. Alaska

Alaska
Most people think of cruising as a perfect way to visit some tropical places. However, there are many amazing Alaskan cruises departing every year in summer from such locations as Vancouver and Seattle. Explore glaciers, plan a whale watch and don’t forget to attend a salmon bake.

2. Caribbean islands

Caribbean islands
From Puerto Rico, St. Maarten to Jamaica, the Caribbean is one of the most popular destinations for cruisers any time of the year. No matter whether you’re going to learn about an island’s history, shop, or just chill out at the beach, you will definitely enjoy your trip.

3. Hawaii

Hawaii
Whether you depart directly from Honolulu or sail across from the mainland, there’s surely nothing more romantic and amazing than traveling from island to island with your love. And the best thing about visiting all Hawaii is that you will gather lots of ideas about which island you would like to visit again in the future.

4. New England and Canada

New England and Canada
Cruises throughout Canada and New England allow you to enjoy all the best entertainment and food. With stops in such cities as Halifax, Portland and Boston, you are sure to be impressed by breathtaking scenery each step of the way. I’m going to take the cruise this fall and I can’t wait for this moment!

5. Bahamas

Bahamas
Want a quick tropical getaway? A cruise to the Bahamas offers the great chance to relax and enjoy beautiful landscapes and scenery. Even if your cruise is short there are still a lot of fun things to do. Plan to swim with dolphins, to go snorkeling or experience parasailing.

6. Europe

Europe
European cruises are popular choices for people who want to experience the best of the Old World. Many companies offer unique options, such as sailing along the Danube, Main and Rhine, so check them out when planning your next trip. Whether you stick to the sea or travel by river, both of adventurers and history buffs are sure to have a great time.

7. Australia and New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand
Cruising in Australia and New Zealand gives you a wonderful opportunity to take in everything from unique wildlife species to the Great Barrier Reef. Often these cruises last more than a week, so you will definitely get the absolute most out of your trip.

8. Bermuda

Bermuda
The turquoise waters and pink sands of Bermuda are something that attracts more and more tourists from all parts of the world to this destination year-round. June, July and August are the best months to visit Bermuda, when beaches are in high demand, a majority of itineraries are ready to launch and tour operators offer parasailing, scuba, snorkel and sailboat tours. You will have the wide selection of ships, itineraries and home ports during the peak season. Another great thing is that the water temperature reaches 85-degrees or warmer.

9. Cayman Islands

Cayman Islands
They are pristine and electrifying! From wonderful white beaches and amazing underwater reefs to breathtaking cliffs spouting waterfalls, the Cayman Island area is a piece of heaven on Earth! The biggest draws are scuba diving and underwater snorkeling. There are many shipwrecks nearby, which divers can visit and there are thousands of colorful tropical fish.
What amazing cruise trips have you been on? Share your thoughts, please!